The SERPENTINE consortium is leading several research efforts into the behavior of interplanetary (IP) shock waves, driven by solar activity such as coronal mass ejections. IP shocks are natural particle accelerators and play a key role for energy conversion in…
Solar energetic electron (SEE) events are strong enhancements of high-energy electrons associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These particles have speeds that are a large fraction of the speed of light, and we can measure them with…
Shock waves and turbulence are ubiquitous in our Universe, where they play a fundamental role in explaining many observed phenomena. In particular, the complex, often spectacular interaction between shocks and plasma turbulence is a very promising pathway leading to the…
An exhaustive multi-spacecraft analysis of the 17 April 2021 event revealed that multiple distinct SEP injections at the Sun played a major role in creating the wide longitudinal spread of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the inner heliosphere. This points…
One of the core objectives of the SERPENTINE project is to develop and disseminate tools for the advanced analysis and visualisation of heliospheric data. A number of tools have already been released! Examples include the multi-spacecraft longitudinal configuration plotter Solar-MACH,…
Solar eruptions are able to drive shock waves in the heliosphere. We call these shock waves Interplanetary (IP) shocks. IP shocks are ubiquitous in the heliosphere, and the possibility to observe them in-situ is crucial to address important aspects of…
